Question 1

Using the Tile Multiplier for Mazes 2D Tiles

Accepted Answer

Using the Tile Multiplier for mazes 2D Tiles

The Tile Multiplier Add-On can be used to create extra tiles based on the base tiles you use as input. This add-on only works with Puzzle Maker Pro - Mazes 2D Tiles.

There are two main options:

Complement images if Missing - this is used for square mazes.
Convert Square Images to Isometric format - this is used for isometric mazes.

In addition to that, there's a slider you can use for troubleshooting.

Complement Images if Missing

Tile Multiplier will add tiles for you if you feed it a minimum set of five or six tiles. You don't have to buy Tile Multiplier to use Mazes 2D Tiles, you can also draw each tile yourself, or use options in File Explorer on Windows (or the Mac/Linux equivalent) to copy and rotate the images yourself.

https://malcolm-en-gb.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/instances/wuGqS3zSeN/resources/NZYEskvKhJ/Square%20Tile%20Minimum.jpg (Square Tile Minimum)

Minimum tiles required

The minimum set consists of a tile for each of the options above:

1: dead-end
12: top-right corner
13: Tom-bottom straight line
123: Top-right-bottom split
1234: crossing
0: This tile is optional, but would be used for tiles that have no connection at all. Empty tiles in isometric mazes are an optional setting.

Note: Don't forget to create images for the start (code: s-) and end (code: e-) tiles. THese are not processed by Tile Multiplier.

From the minimum tile set it will create a full set of tiles:

https://malcolm-en-gb.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/instances/wuGqS3zSeN/resources/6c7sgi35s4/Square%20Tiles%20Tile%20Multiplier.jpg (Square Tiles Tile Multiplier)

It will copy and rotate tile 1, to create tiles 2, 3, and 4. It will do the same with the other tiles that it was given.

Convert Square Images to Isometric Format

The Tile Multiplier can create isometric tiles from your square tiles. It can't create new isometric tiles from other isometric tiles.

https://malcolm-en-gb.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/instances/wuGqS3zSeN/resources/INGDEjNHem/tile%20multiplier%20for%20isometric.jpg (tile multiplier for isometric)

Complement images if missing: This will create a full set of square tiles out of the required set of 5 images.
Convert square images to isometric format: this will create isometric tiles for each available square tile (including the ones created with the complement option).
Advanced/scaling: In most cases the conversion will be perfect. In some cases, Tile Multiplier may misinterpret the exact size of the tile due to DPI differences. If this happens you can use the Scaling slider to adjust the tile size. For more info on this, see our separate tutorial: Troubleshooting Mazes 2D Tiles.

An example of the Tile Multiplier to create a full set of isometric tiles from a limited set of square tiles:

https://malcolm-en-gb.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/instances/wuGqS3zSeN/resources/4e6G2BYeBY/tile%20multiplier%20limited%20tile%20set.jpg (tile multiplier limited tile set)

Without the Tile Multiplier, this set of 7 tiles would result in the following maze:

https://malcolm-en-gb.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/instances/wuGqS3zSeN/resources/h8hHMNsNaz/Tile%20multiplier%20missing%20tiles.jpg (Tile multiplier missing tiles)

The Tile Multiplier can fix this, and add the other tiles, to create the following result:

https://malcolm-en-gb.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/instances/wuGqS3zSeN/resources/D9xaTiS1nC/Tile%20multiplier%20fix%20square%20tiles.jpg (Tile multiplier fix square tiles)

Something similar happens if you don't convert your tiles to isometric:

https://malcolm-en-gb.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/instances/wuGqS3zSeN/resources/owXO8fAdXE/isometric%20maze%20using%20square%20tiles.jpg (isometric maze using square tiles)

This maze does not look isometric at all, and the solution path is not connecting to any of the paths. After telling tile multiplier to convert the tiles to isometric, this would be the result:

https://malcolm-en-gb.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/instances/wuGqS3zSeN/resources/GurMzLm7Fw/Tile%20multiplier%20isometric.jpg (Tile multiplier isometric)

This looks a lot better.

Quick Masks

The easiest and quickest option to create a mask is the aptly named Quick Mask option.

To use this, you'll need to select an image. Either by clicking the white panel below the "use quick mask" checkbox, or by dragging your image onto that panel.

Next, click the "Use Quick Mask" button, and click "Next Preview".

https://malcolm-en-gb.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/instances/wuGqS3zSeN/resources/lRJ9wYlVhi/masks%20add-on%20quick%20masks.jpg (masks add-on quick masks)

When you do this, several outcomes are possible:

you get a shaped maze, as shown in the example above.
Nothing happens.
You get a result, but the result is... underwhelming.

After the Quick Mask is generated, the "use Quick Mask" checkbox will be unchecked automatically. Generating a mask from a bitmap takes time, and you may not want to generate the same mask over and over while you're adjusting style settings or selecting different tiles to use.

However, if you want to create a new mask with the Quick Mask feature, because you've changed the grid size or the image, you can check this checkbox again.

Nothing happens

The Quick Mask option will try to generate a mask using the grid settings and the image you have selected. It will do so by analyzing the silhouette image, and varying the "Mask Sensitivity" until a 'Connected Mask' is created:

Mask Sensitivity: The threshold for background pixels in each cell (square or isometric). If there are more background pixels than that threshold, it will be excluded. If there are fewer background pixels, it will be included in the mask. The Mask Sensitivity starts at 50%, so 50% of all pixels have to be foreground, and will go up in little steps to 80% foreground.
Connected Mask: To create a maze, all the cells in the grid must be connected. When you use a mask that results in groups of cells that are not connected, it will not create a valid mask.

If there is no connected mask at the highest mask sensitivity (so 80%), the Quick Mask generator will give up, and there will be no mask.

Underwhelming Quick Mask results

In many cases, especially when you're new to creating masks with the Mask Add-On, the result may be a bit underwhelming, or not look how you expected it to. An example of this can be seen below.

https://malcolm-en-gb.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/instances/wuGqS3zSeN/resources/fKxwXRAlTI/masks%20add-on%20unexpected%20results.jpg (masks add-on unexpected results)

Even though we started with the silhouette of a car, and a mask was generated, the resulting image and the maze don't really resemble a car. This is not a bug: the mask generator did what it was supposed to do - each cell that has enough coloured (in this case black) pixels has been added to the maze.

What happened here is that the grid is too small for the image used. The top of the car has thin lines, and in a 12 row puzzle, they're too thin to fill up more than 50% of a tile. As a result, the roof of the car, and the top of the headlights, did not become part of the mask.

To avoid these situations, we recommend changing the numbers of rows for the grid. This should create a better mask.

Creating Masks using a Silhouette

To create a mask from an image, you'll need an image that can work as a silhouette: you can set which background colour(s) aren't part of the mask, and all other colours will be part of the mask. The masks feature won't work well with images that are only line-art.

When you click "Edit Mask" you'll see the mask editor.

https://malcolm-en-gb.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/instances/wuGqS3zSeN/resources/R6fhC4Y9dq/masks%20add-on%20editor.jpg (masks add-on editor)

The mask. If you already had a mask selected, it will be shown here. Otherwise, all cells will be part of the mask.
The image selection panel. You can click here to select an image, or drag and drop an image onto the white panel.
Depending on the image you're using, you may need to adjust the background colour.
Status of your puzzle. If it's green "Cells are connected", it's a valid mask for a puzzle. If there's a red warning, that means not all cells are connected to each other.
After selecting an image, you can change the Mask Sensitivity to create a better result. This is the same setting that Quick Masks uses.
After changing the grid size or Mask Sensitivity, you can click the "Scan Image" button to create a new mask from the current image (in 2.). This will overwrite all manual changes you may have made.

You can toggle each square (or tile) in the mask by clicking on it, or by using advanced editing options:

Setting the Background Colour

For regular silhouette images, the background will be either white or transparent. You can select a different colour, or even switch the foreground and background for a silhouette. There are checkboxes for white, transparent, and a custom colour, so you can exclude up to three colours from your mask.

Changing the Mask Sensitivity

The mask sensitivity is the threshold for background pixels in each cell. If there are more background pixels than that threshold, it will be excluded from the mask. If there are less, it will be included. You can manually adjust the threshold to create slight differences in the mask.

Below are three examples of different Mask Sensitivity settings:

https://malcolm-en-gb.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/instances/wuGqS3zSeN/resources/Y9t21Bn1HS/Mask%20sensitivity%2020.jpg (Mask sensitivity 20)

Mask Sensitivity 20

https://malcolm-en-gb.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/instances/wuGqS3zSeN/resources/IcElgFjqAB/Mask%20sensitivity%2050.jpg (Mask sensitivity 50)

Mask Sensitivity 50

https://malcolm-en-gb.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/instances/wuGqS3zSeN/resources/tOBV6WxmHY/Mask%20sensitivity%2080.jpg (Mask sensitivity 80)

Mask Sensitivity 80

Editing your Silhouette Image

Prepare your image before you use it as a mask. Photo editing software and drawing software are great tools to do some pre-processing of the silhouette images:

Reduce the number of colours, especially if the background is not one single colour. In Adobe software, there is an option called "Posterise" to do this.
Trim black or transparent borders from your image, because these will result in unused rows/columns of cells in the mask and the maze.

Creating Masks Manually

Clicking on the "Manual Editing" tab reveals the advanced editing options:

https://malcolm-en-gb.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/instances/wuGqS3zSeN/resources/e7tUdAwLSa/advanced%20editing%20options.jpg (advanced editing options)

Action: Toggle will switch the colour from black to white and vice versa. This will include or exclude the cell or range from the mask. Copy color will copy the colour of the clicked cell to all the cells in the range.
Range type: When you click on a single cell (Tile) you can select if your actions will affect the cell, the row, or the column.
Range Size: Adjust 1, 3, or 5 cells, rows, or columns at a time.

The screenshot shows the result after two mouse-clicks:

Click on a cell with action "toggle", range type "row", and range size "3"
Click on a different cell with action "toggle", range type "column" and range size "3"

You can see that by using Toggle, some of the white cells in the row have turned black again. By using "Copy Color" you can prevent this from happening.

Note: Clicking the cells for editing is somewhat sensitive. If you move the mouse while clicking, the software won't know if you want to move or click. If you're zoomed in, you can also click and drag the image, to have a closer look at the part you want to edit.

Masks for Isometric Mazes

You can also use the Mask Editor for Isometric Mazes. It will work the same way, but the tiles will have a different shape.

https://malcolm-en-gb.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/instances/wuGqS3zSeN/resources/FRzwrbhPpW/Masks%20add%20on%20isometric%20grid%20mask.jpg (Masks add on isometric grid mask)

When you create masks for isometric grids, there are some unique features to pay attention to:

The classic Isometric grid has a diamond shape. That means that any part of the silhouette that's in the corners of the image will not be used.
The full square isometirc grid type was created to prevent that problem. However, by nature it's a rectangle, which means it will work best with rectangular silhouette images. In the screenshot above you can see a lot of unused cells at the left and right side of the mask. This doesn't have to be a problem for your maze, but it's something to keep in mind.

Creating Square Tiles for Mazes 2D Tiles

Tiles for Mazes 2D Tiles have to be saved in a .png format.

Naming conventions

We've set up a simple standard, where each side of a tile gets a number. The code consists of the numbers for the sides that are connected. The name of the file (the image file for the tile) has to start with this code, followed by a dash ("-"). The dash is required to let the software know where the code ends.

For example, a tile with a corner that connects sides 1 and 2, has code 12. The filename for this image can be something like "12-top right corner.png" or "12-corner with tree.png". You can also have both names, the software will randomly pick one of them each time this type of tile is needed.

https://malcolm-en-gb.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/instances/wuGqS3zSeN/resources/pgaxGX167f/Square%20Tile%20Numbering%20convention.jpg (Square Tile Numbering convention)

There are 16 possible codes for square mazes:

0 – optional, empty square. You can use this for embellishments, like trees, your logo, etc

1, 2, 3, 4 – Dead end

12, 23, 34, 14 – Corners

13, 24 – Straight connection

1234 – Crossing (all sides connected)

123, 124, 134, 234 – Split / three-way connection

In addition to those 16 codes, you’ll need two additional images:

s – start image (this will be printed over the start tile)

e – end image (this will be printed over the finish tile)

Image Size

The image size (or canvas size) for your tiles depends on the size of the mazes you are going to generate:

If you’d be creating a maze of 40 by 40 on that canvas, each square would be just 50 by 50 pixels.

When the squares are printed on the canvas by Mazes 2D Tiles, they will be resized to fit.

The default tiles in Puzzle Maker Pro were created at 500×500 pixels.

Drawing the Tiles

Drawing the tiles is actually very easy. The important thing to do is make sure that the connections, at the edges of each square, are at the same place for each tile. Below is the template we used for Adobe Illustrator:

https://malcolm-en-gb.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/instances/wuGqS3zSeN/resources/xqzaVE3Tmn/Adobe%20Illustrator%20template.jpg (Adobe Illustrator template)

This template has several options for each tile. If you don't have the option to create multiple artobards, it's best to create a template that has all sides connected, and use that for all other tiles as well.

While we use Illustrator for the example, any editing software will do, such as Adobe Photoshop, Corel Paint, Affinity, Canva, or even the software that comes with your computer, such as MS Paint.

To summarise, you'll need 16+2 Tiles for your maze:

1-top.png
2-right.png
3-bottom.png
4-left.png
12-topright.png
23-rightbottom.png
34-bottomleft.png
14-topleft.png
123-toprightbottom.png
124-toprightleft.png
134-topbottomleft.png
234-rightbottomleft.png
13-topbottom.png
24-rightleft.png
1234-allsides.png
0-blank.png (optional)
S-Startsymbol.png
E-Endsymbol.png

For each of the files, the code at the start (the numbers plus the dash) have to be there. The rest of the filename can be omitted, or changed to something else if you want to. You can also create multiple tiles for the same code, for extra variation.

Creating Isometric Tiles for Mazes 2D Tiles

The standard naming convention for isometric tiles looks a lot like the square tiles: the code for each tile consists of the numbers for the sides that are connected. The tiles are just rotated 45 degrees.

1 – Top Right (instead of top)

2 – Bottom Right (instead of right)

3 – Bottom Left (instead of bottom)

4 – Top Left (instead of left)

Again, the name of the file has to start with that code, followed by a dash (“-“).

For example, a tile with a corner that connects sides 1 (top right) and 2 (bottom right) has code 12. The filename could be something like “12-simple corner.PNG”

For isometric mazes there are 16 possible codes as well:

0 – optional, empty square. You can use this for embellishments, like trees, your logo, etc

1, 2, 3, 4 – Dead end

12, 23, 34, 14 – Corners

13, 24 – Straight connection

1234 – Crossing (all sides connected)

123, 124, 134, 234 – Split / three-way connection

In addition to those 16 codes, you’ll need two additional images:

s – start image (this will be printed over the start tile)

e – end image (this will be printed over the finish tile)

(The list of files that are required for isometric mazes is identical to the list for square mazes, although the tiles look different.)

Drawing the Tiles

For Mazes 2D Tiles we follow the isometric ‘standard’ that is used by most game developers: For the basic tile, the width is twice the height. In addition to that, you can add depth to the tiles, by drawing ‘suggested’ depth below the tile.

It’s usually easiest – but not required – to start with square tiles, and then rotate and resize them. There are other options, depending on the tools you have. For example, in Photoshop you can use ‘smart objects’ to do the transformation for you (after you set it up just once).

The steps to transform a square tile into an isometric tile:

Rotate the tile 45 degrees clockwise
Scale the tile to fit onto the canvas – if you have a 200×200 pixel tile and rotate it, it will be approx 280 pixels wide, so scale it back to have a total width of 200 again
Re-scale the tile – Horizontally to 100%, vertically to 50%. Immediately you’ll see the isometric look of the tile.
You can save the tile as PNG image. If you started with a 200×200 pixel tile, the canvas should now be 200 (wide) x 100 (high).
Optionally add additional lines and colors to suggest depth.

For an in-depth tutorial on how to do this, you can look at our tutorial on how to create isometric tiles with Adobe Illustrator, where we go into detail on the creation of isometric tiles.

Image Size

The image size of the files for isometric tiles depends on the embellishments you use:

The size of the basic tile should have a 1:2 ratio for the height:width sizes. If the tile is 200 pixels wide, it should be 100 pixels high. (The proper working of Puzzle Maker Pro – Mazes 2D Tiles depends on this, otherwise the results will not look right)
If you have added depth to the tile, either by adding additional lines or shading at the bottom, or by placing objects on the tile that stick out on top (e.g. towers, persons, arrows), the tile size can be larger. If you add depth suggestion at the bottom, each tile should have the same additional depth!
Mazes 2D Tiles will use the height of the smallest tile to determine the depth of the tiles. and align the tiles according to that height
If you have objects sticking out on top, these should be drawn over the tiles behind it. Mazes 2D Tiles will take this into account when setting up the canvas dimensions and margins

Using the Tile Multiplier for Mazes 2D Tiles

Using the Mask Editor for Mazes 2D Tiles

Mazes 2D Tiles - Tile format and naming conventions

Creating Isometric Tiles with Adobe Illustrator (Video)

Mazes 2D Tiles Overview (Video)

Create Shaped Mazes for Mazes 2D Tiles (Video)

Creating Square Tiles with MS Powerpoint (Video)

Generate Isometric Tiles from your Square Tiles (Video)

Height Map Editor Tutorial - Quick Overview